Friday, August 29, 2014

SHARKNADO!

"What's wrong?" "Your son wants to go in a helicopter and drop a bomb into a tornado."

Well, there's a whole lot more wrong with the movie... or, at least, the science part of the movie. Otherwise, Syfy's attempt to make the quintessential B-movie went very, very beautifully right.

Anyone who lives in LA can tell you that one of the most ridiculous parts of the movie - aside from the idea that these sharks aren't too disoriented by being thrown around by a tornado to still eat people - is the amount of LA that's covered in water. If you're not familiar, the term for rising waters caused by a hurricane hitting the land is called "storm surge."

So first of all, the storm surge is causing flooding Santa Monica. While this may be plausible for the most low-lying beach residences, anyone who's been in town knows that "ground level" for anything that's not on the sand is pretty high: This awesome website gives us an elevation of 16 meters, or 54 feet, at the location where Colorado Blvd and Ocean Blvd cross over the PCH. Anyways, this remarkably high storm surge causes someone to worry about his ex-wife and child, who are over six miles inland, and probably at least a hundred feet higher.

Someone helpfully gives us a reference for where the next scenes will take place, by saying "Take the 10 to the 405, that's almost to Beverly Hills, and there's no way the storm has gone that far inland." But, we see that that character is wrong, and the waves are crashing over the 405.

So how far has the storm surge risen by now? According to that handy elevation website, the elevation where the 10 crossed the 405 is 49 meters, or 160 feet. According to Google Maps, this is between 3.5 and 4 miles directly from the beach.

It gets even better a little later, when someone says "We have to go to Van Nuys to get Matt!" Going back to that amazing GPS website, that helps us determine that the Van Nuys airport is a whole 235 meters (or 771 feet) above sea level.

Why did I choose the airport? Well, when they find Matt, someone explains "Instead of letting live sharks rain down on people, we're going to get into the chopper, and drop BOMBS into the tornado!" because something about cold and warm air and "maybe bombs will equalize that." What. That's just too much for me to get into right now.

So how ridiculous is that level of storm surge?

In NOAA's website about storm surge, most of the heights appear to be between 10-20 feet, with the higher ones reaching well over 20 feet. The highest in the US happened during Hurricane Katrina at 27.8 feet, and the highest in the world has been estimated at potentially up to 48 feet, although this figure is disputed as it was calculated over 100 years ago, and the highest measured in recent years was only 34.8 feet.

So while the water reaching Santa Monica could be *almost* plausible in a super-hurricane-disaster movie, the idea of it flooding Westwood/Beverly Hills is very far off.

And, just because I don't get a lot of opportunities to post non-copyrighted photos on here, here's one that yours truly took while stopping at Savannah, GA during spring break one year:



"That's a tiger shark!" "How do you know that?" "Shark Week."

Sunday, August 24, 2014

Ancient Aliens: NASA is covering it all up, of course.

aka "The NASA Connection"

In the first five minutes, the only two thoughts going through my head were "this is nothing I haven't heard before" and "oh everyone involved in the moon landings was male I'm glad I didn't live in the 60's because they were soooooo sexist!" and then I got too bored and turned it off.

That's all for that one.

Friday, April 25, 2014

Yearly TV update!

What I'm watching that I wasn't watching last year, or I feel the need to tell you to watch again:

Agents of SHIELD (ABC, Tuesdays 8 PM): I LOVE THIS SHOW. Everyone's so shippable! And so pretty! And the MCU references! And the Marvel Comic references! And how it all ties into the movies and hints at the movies! And a Dollhouse reference! And Samuel L. Jackson cameos! EVERYTHING I WANTED AND HOPED FOR OUT OF THIS SHOW! (Except they haven't had a musical episode yet, and I expect this from the exact same production team that made a musical supervillain web series)

Almost Human (Fox, Mondays*): It started only months before the Robocop reboot, but this is definitely much better, and yay for Karl Urban! However, Fox decided to Firefly it, meaning they pushed back the premiere after all the advertising was already printed/filmed, and then aired it all out of order, then shuffled the finale around with the Sleepy Hollow finale and the premiere of The Following. So there's been basically no character development, and if there was supposed to be a plot arc, I can't see it. Hopefully it'll get another season.

Arrow (CW, Wednesdays 8 PM): The first season skipped right over all that typical first-season cheesyness, making the finale feel like a second or third season finale. The second season has only improved, and it's one of the most underrated shows on TV.

Cosmos (Fox, Sundays 9 PM): Neil DeGrasse Tyson rebooting a Carl Sagan thing with good science and glorious HD space photos. It's everything I never knew I wanted... it's like the total antidote to Ancient Aliens.

Intelligence (CBS): This is only on the list because I wasn't watching it last year. It's not spectacular, but it's a nice solid action-y filler for when the DVR is running low.

My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (Hub, Saturdays 10:30 AM EST/7:30 AM PST): Oh, I love this show, and this season just keeps increasing the quality. From exposing shame homeopathic cures to realistic depictions of fashion week to the Doctor Whooves thing just keeping on going, there's nothing I don't love about the show.

Orphan Black (BBC America, returns April 19th): LET ME TELL YOU HOW I LOVE THIS SHOW. I may love this show about as much as Agents of SHIELD. It's a unique concept with stellar acting and a storyline that really picks up at the end and amazing acting and a whole boatload full of female characters who do stuff and their lives don't revolve around men and did I mention that Tatiana Maslany was totally robbed of that Golden Globe?

Rizzoli & Isles (TNT, Tuesdays, on hiatus): NOOOOOOOO! I love this show so, so much, but I am still procrastinating on watching the midseason finale because we know what's going to happen....

Sleepy Hollow (Fox, Mondays*): This was possibly sillier than National Treasure at first. And then there started being supernatural elements... so now it's some kind of horror show. There's also very little on TV as entertaining as seeing a character from the 1700's get outraged over the tax on Starbucks, or try to use Siri.

The 100 (CW, Wednesdays 9 PM):  England a space station holding the post-apocalyptic remnants of humanity is getting overcrowded, so they decide to send their convicts juvenile delinquents down to Australia Earth and see if they can survive and found a new civilization while all the local fauna trying to kill them. Given how Australia contains almost 0% unattractive people and it started from convicts and idk, sheep ranchers? and this show is populated with CW actors, several generations on their descendants will probably be simply too beautiful to look at directly.

The Tomorrow People (CW, Wednesdays on hiatus): Follow up Stephen Amell in Arrow with his cousin Robbie Amell: How could you not watch, at least at first... I kind of gave up because it just didn't hold my interest.

Warehouse 13 (Syfy, on hiatus): I'm so excited for the second half of the fifth season to return, but sadly, it's the final season. This is another show I've stuck with for years on end and loved very much. If you haven't watched this, catch up while you can!

*Fox has not learned one single thing from Firefly. Not. One. Thing. Sleepy Hollow premiered, like usual. And then when Almost Human premiered it was supposed to have a special premiere timeslot and a normal timeslot, but then after all the advertising for the special premiere time, they pushed it back by a week or two and changed the special timeslot. Then, in the middle of all the out-of-order Almost Human episodes, there were more "special time slots" for the season finale of Sleepy Hollow and the season premiere of The Following. And then, they not only shuffled around those timeslots, but the weeks on which those things would take place, and stuff like that. I couldn't keep track of any of it.

Saturday, April 5, 2014

I'm getting a tablet!

So now I may have little doodles or graphics to accompany some of this... it hasn't arrived yet, but I'm excited to see how it'll turn out.

Friday, April 4, 2014

Ancient Aliens: USA! USA!

Now that my DVR is cooperating - for a while it refused to record any more episodes, then it started eating them - and my life is a little bit back in order, it's time for more Ancient Aliens! We're on season four now, I believe. And this post's episode is titled "Aliens in America" - nothing to do with the short-lived sitcom from the year that the TV writers struck - and it's labelled as "Signs of alien contact throughout America's history are examined" so here goes nothing:

So they start off with asking something about "evidence that the American continent has extraterrestrial origins?"

First of all, no, narrator, just no. There is not "The American continent." There are two American continents, North America and South America, and that's basic geography. Second, you seem to be using "American" to refer to the USA at one moment, and then the entire continent of North America at another point. It's making my head spin. We get a jiggly cell-phone video featuring a white dot, and some completely generic backstory, and then someone mentions that the US leads the world in UFO sightings. "But why? ....could aliens have a special interest in America?"

And that, my foreign readers, says pretty much everything you need to know about how the USA collectively views itself. In fact, I'm not even sure that wasn't a rhetorical question...

Then they go back to more ancient history where they refer to "America" to mean the continents, and the typical lines about Native American tribes and "star beings" and the obligatory shot of our very favorite piece of TARDIS rock art! (I don't know if the TARDIS rock art is on my bingo list, or my drinking game list, but it needs to be) They go on to talk about petroglyphs by ancient Native Americans that supposedly depict these "star beings" and they've taken to helpfully suggestively animating glowing highlights over portions of the rock art. They talk about these distorted proportions as evidence that the depictions are of aliens - I wonder what would happen if you carved a Picasso into a chunk of sandstone and showed it to them?


But they started talking about European colonists, and I kind of zoned out... I grew up in New England, so absolutely nothing in the world has the capability to bore me to death quite like people talking about European colonists. So help me, if I ever get dragged into another interactive "living history" village thing, I will start going on about witchcraft to all of the re-enactors.


Then they're back to some guy who discovered a "secret city" inside the Grand Canyon, full of mummies, and statues, and so on from all around the world...  supposedly evidence that the alien deities had given the inhabitants of this city things from all over the world! Because, how else would it get there? Gosh, how else would a bunch of mummies and treasure end up in a secret location in the 1920's? Remember, the era where it was totally cool to march into someone else's country and just take whatever cultural artifacts and shit that you wanted as long as they didn't put up any resistance (or, better yet, if your country had colonized them already). And don't you know, mummies were especially popular? So I'm going to leave it to you to decide whether this was a prehistoric cultural museum set up by alien beings, or a case of antiquities theft.


And there's a bit about animal mutilations, which is only remarkable because they got a real veterinarian to talk in front of a camera! Finally, someone who's not another author of another book about alien deities, but actually is an expert in the field being discussed!
*drops dead from shock*
So, now that we've got this out of the way, why? The leading theory here is that aliens are monitoring the cattle for viruses. Yep. I'll admit, us humans don't do a perfect job of it, but we can usually figure out where we picked up viruses (except for f*cking ebola, but I'll get into that during the inevitable episode that will blame hemorrhagic fevers on aliens) and once we find it, we will spread this fact all over every last fragment of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can use to transmit information. Maybe we can't make cures on our own, but we sure as hell can figure out whether or not cows are sick on our own. Hell, we even managed to figure out "mad cow disease" and that's not even a virus - instead, it's a weird little thing called a "prion."


But now we get to the best part: the narrators go on to talk about how - unsurprisingly - there's lots and lots of flying objects around Air Force bases that are impossible for civilians to identify. But why? Apparently, this one time, the circuits on some nuclear missiles kind of died or something. The narrator says a lot of cryptic things about "electronic signals" and "electronic components" which, to be fair, is probably all that they could deduce about the operation of ICBM's.

So they suggest that the aliens are concerned about our nuclear weapons, as the sightings increased after the first atomic bomb was detonated. However, because apparently correlation between mysterious lights above military installations and the start of the Cold War doesn't make enough sense, they propose an even better theory: The aliens are worrying about whether or not we might pose a threat to other peaceful species in space.

Yep, that's right. Independence Day, or the movie version of Stargate, might make you think that aliens are vulnerable to the awesome explosive power of nuclear bombs! But... what about their technology?

No, really. What about alien technology? Or, for that matter, technology that has allowed us to reach alien races?
To quote Douglas Adams, "Space is big. You just won't believe how vastly, hugely, mind- bogglingly big it is." The nearest star to us is Alpha Centauri, which is 4.3 light-years away from us - or, four years and about four months traveling at the fastest possible speed in the universe, which is the speed of light. That's 41,153,298,600,000 kilometers away from us. Travelling in the fastest aircraft in the world, the Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird* with a top speed of over mach 3 it would take, according to my sloppy math, about 120,000 years for us to reach them - and yes, there's a tiny planet around there adorably named "Alpha Centauri Bb" but even then it's only been about 70 years since we developed atomic weapons.

In other words, whoever's gotten here has seriously pushed the laws of physics. Yes, you can get here from Alpha Centauri in 70 years without having to go faster than light, but you're still approaching speeds where your spaceship's mass will increase just because of how fast you're going (Hey, relativity is weird) not to mention the problems with trying to subject living organisms to the kind of inertia that happens when you'd accelerate to those speeds, and on top of that the narrators did suggest that these people came not just last year but very shortly after WWII... so I'd say it's safe to guess that even if these guys can't break the laws of physics, they can go a hell of a lot further than we can.

And other peaceful species in the galaxy? Hell, by the time we reach them or they reach us, whoever's left their home planet will be able to play with the laws of physics so much that our nuclear bombs will seem like no more than some pretty firecrackers.

*Hey, you want to see something really cool and actually relevant to this post? Click on that link, and look at the location where the video of the A-12 flight was filmed. "Groom Lake" is better known as "Area 51"


Then, they turn around and get even more US-centric. (Oh yes, they could) You see, they argue that aliens helped the US win the War of 1812, better known as "that one time that Canadians stopped being polite and invaded the US and burned down the White House." OK, technically they were English at the time, but they were English people from what's now Canada.

So anyways, in the summer of 1814, the British Army had gotten all the way into Washington DC. All of the politicians living in DC had seen this coming, and were like "nope!" and just packed up and got their butts out of there. That meant that the British Army could walk right in, unopposed, and do whatever they wanted which was setting fire to everything in this case. And, unlike today, the White House was just a house, built of boards and stuff, so it caught on fire pretty nicely.

And it's a hot summer day, so stuff burns really easily, right? OK, I guess. And then there's a thunderstorm! [if you don't live on the east coast, I will clarify: "hot" and "summer" are practically requirements for thunderstorms] which means that the fires started getting put out, conveniently. Then, in something that's actually not a daily occurrence in an east-coast summer, but sometimes comes with exceptionally large thunderstorms, there was a tornado.

So why do that?

Just because there wasn't enough US exceptionalism in here, they offer an explanation: The aliens wanted to help the US succeed because they valued the ideas of freedom of religion, and the concept of a democracy. But if that's the case, why not help out the guys whose country would eventually also have freedom of religion, a democracy, as well as free health care, with the nice little bonuses of Timmy's, and competent hockey commentary on broadcast TV?


So to close this all off, they say something about aliens, and show a completely ridiculous clip of a lens flare from Photoshop floating through the Grand Canyon.

Monday, March 10, 2014

Ancient Aliens Masterpost:

In order to keep track of all the episodes I have or haven't dissected/shot down/snarked at, here's a list of what's ended up on my DVR so far, complete with links to things I've done, and organized more or less by year:

2010:

Underground Aliens (2010)

Angels and Aliens (2010)

The Evidence (2010)

The Mission (2010)

Unexplained Structures (2010)

Mysterious Places (2010)

Alien Tech (2010)

The Visitors (2010)

Closer Encounters (2010)

Underwater Worlds (2010)

Aliens and the Third Reich (2010)

The Return (2010)

Gods and Aliens (2010)

Alien Contacts (2010)

Alien Devastations (2010)

Chariots, Gods, & Beyond (2010)

2011:

Aliens and the Founding Fathers (2011)

Aliens and Deadly Weapons (2011)

Aliens and Monsters (2011)

Aliens and Ancient Engineers (2011)

Aliens and the Secret Code (2011)

Aliens and the Old West (2011)

Aliens and the Undead (2011)

Aliens, Plagues, and Epidemics (2011)

Aliens and Deadly Cults (2011)

Aliens and Mysterious Rituals (2011)

Aliens, Gods, and Heroes (2011)

Aliens and Temples of Gold (2011)

Aliens and Evil Places (2011)

Aliens and Lost Worlds (2011)

Aliens and the Creation of Man (2011)

Aliens and Sacred Places (2011)

2012:

Aliens and Dinosaurs (2012)

The Mayan Conspiracy (2012)

The NASA Connection (2012)

Aliens and Mega-Disasters (2012)

The Da Vinci Conspiracy (2012)

The Time Travelers (2012)

Secrets of the Pyramids (2012)

The Doomsday Prophecies (2012)

Aliens and Cover-Ups (2012)

The Greys (2012)

Aliens and Bigfoot (2012)

The Mystery of Puma Punku (2012)

2013:

Aliens and Mysterious Mountains (2013)

Emperors, Kings, and Pharaohs (2013)

The Crystal Skulls (2013)

Strange Abductions (2013)

The Viking Gods (2013)

Destination Orion (2013)

Mysterious Relics (2013)

The von Daniken Legacy (2013)

The Einstein Factor (2013)

Aliens and the Lost Ark (2013)

The Annunaki Connection (2013)

Secrets of the Tombs (2013)

Alien Power Plants (2013)

The Satan Conspiracy (2013)

Magic of the Gods (2013)

Alien Operations (2013)

Aliens and Forbidden Islands (2013)

Beyond Nazca (2013)

The Monoliths (2013)

The Power of Three (2013)

Prophets and Prophecies (2013)

2014:

Aliens in America (2014)

Aliens and Insects (2014)

Alien Breeders (2014)

The Star Children (2014)

Aliens and the Red Planet (2014)

Treasures of the Gods (2014)

Aliens and Stargates (2014)

The Shamans (2014)

Alien Transports (2014)

Mysterious Structures (2014)

Mysterious Devices (2014)

Faces of the Gods (2014)

The Reptilians (2014)

The Tesla Experiment (2014)

The God Particle (2014)

Alien Encounters (2014)

World War Z: Do Zombies Have A Half-Life?

And no, that wasn't (originally) intended to be a pun about zombies being undead, but whatever...

So, the World War Z book was fantastic. It's widely hailed as being one of the zombie properties that really, really thinks through th logistics of such an event, the potential science, the possible social implications, all the ways that humans might survive or react. For those of you who haven't read it, it's not a novel - rather, it takes the form of an anthology of stories, ostensibly collected post-zombie-control, about life during the zombie apocalypse. (If you've only seen the movie, or only read the book, it lost a lot of what made the book great in the adaptation process. Actually, in the adaptation process, it lost almost everything in the book period, except the title and the presence of zombies).

In any case, when people get into debates about the plausibility of zombies, most of the discussion centers around virology and epidemiology. What kind of virus could produce such an effect? What would the incubation period have to be in order for it to successfully spread?

Then, there's the question that always plagued me, the physicist: What about conservation of energy (and mass)? How long could a zombie keep on running, walking, shambling, or crawling towards its would-be victims and food sources? How long could a zombie trapped in a WHO lab with Brad Pitt and Peter Capaldi wander in circles until it literally ran out of energy?

First of all, we need to figure out the energy requirements of a zombie. Since I'm not a biologist and consider things like nutrition to be hand-waving magic (explain how else people can survive years of graduate school on mac and cheese, occasional free pizza, and alcohol!) I'm just going to plug numbers into online calculators until we get to something that we can use for the fun part.

The human body requires a widely varying amount calories a day, depending on the activity level of the person. Zombies have to have metabolisms, still - something has to convert those brains into energy to run around and bite more people, right? Granted, we can assume that a human's basal metabolic rate, or BMR, (that is, the calories spent doing things like powering smooth muscle, or keeping your body at a cozy 98.6 degrees fahrenheit, that even coma patients would burn) can be subtracted from that requirement because once you're a zombie, those body functions are kind of unnecessary.

For the purposes of this thought experiment, we'll assume that the zombie is a perfectly average American man, who (according to the CDC, which apparently know a thing or two about zombies) is approximately 5' 9" or 176 cm and 195 lbs or 88 kg. Because BMR calculations require age, I arbitrarily decided that this average zombie would be 30 years old. And frictionless, and a perfect sphere... also, we're gonna assume that a zombie metabolism converts muscle, fat, and organ tissue to energy just like a human metabolism, because we need a baseline from somewhere and we've got nothing else remotely useful.

Since I wanted to find an accurate BMR calculator, I eventually settled on this one on Wolfram Alpha, which gives a BMR of 1897 calories a day (or about 79 calories an hour), as well as caloric requirements for various other physical activity levels. Zombies that spend most of their time shambling around and not sleeping or resting at all in their endless quest for brains aren't "sedentary" or "lightly active", so subtracting BMR from those numbers, you get a consumption of between 1040 calories a day to 1700 calories a day.

According to the same super-useful Mayo Clinic page, it takes 3500 calories to burn a pound of fat. Since our perfectly average zombie also has a perfectly average body fat percentage of 23%, that means that he has about 45 lbs of body fat, which means that he's got 157,500 calories in his fat alone. That could sustain him from around 3 to 5 months, depending exactly how quickly and frequently this zombie moves.

Of course, once the zombie has metabolized all his fat, his body is going to move on to his muscle, and then start "digesting" its own organs until a human would die of organ failure. But, since Hannibal Lecter is considered an aberration instead of a nutrition expert, there's not much information I can find on how many calories are in a pound of human muscle (or heart or liver or whatever) right now - stay tuned for part 2 of this exercise once I figure that out!

Thursday, February 6, 2014

Spectrometers... on the roof!

Does anyone remember the scene in Avengers where Bruce Banner is like "Hey, that glowing cube that Loki stuck in a briefcase is emitting gamma rays!" and Nick Fury is like "put all the spectrometers on the roof and triangulate and we'll magically find Loki!" and you probably completely ignored it as science-speak, but any of the RL scientists you've seen the movie with just flipped out? (And probably didn't stop talking about it for two months straight?)

So I'm going to try to explain why this was our favorite example of bad movie science from the summer: First of all, let's get a basic idea about what a spectrometer is: Wikipedia defines it as "is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum..." You can also use the word "spectroscopy" to refer to the process of using a spectrometer.


There are lots of portions of the electromagnetic spectrum that you could measure: You can have infared spectrometers, for example. Here's a basic idea of what the inside of one kind of infared spectrometer (FTIR, for those who are curious) looks like, or if you want to see more here's a video. In any case, the light that's being measured goes along that yellow arrow, which you'll notice is entirely inside the device. This thing isn't measuring anything originating from outside that little desktop-printer-sized box, so it's going to be doing absolutely nil to detect glowing cube things, whether on the roof or anywhere else.


In case you might be getting a little bored now, how about looking at a spectrometer you can hold in your hand and run around pointing at things? Things like, oh, traces of lipstick? Seriously, check out this video, doesn't that just look cool? This is one case where reality is kind of sort of vaguely like CSI, except still probably a lot slower. Anyways, I'm not gonna bore you with the details (but I will link to them for those of you who do care) but look at this. Doesn't it look so fun and high-tech? These are spectrometers that you can carry up to the roof - in fact, our heroes could've stuck one in their pocket and flown around in the Quinjet or hitched a ride with Tony Stark if height was what mattered - but these spectrometers still fail in one important factor: They can't detect gamma rays.


Gamma ray spectrometers are portable, too. Really, really portable. Portable enough to be put on the Apollo 16 mission. And a satellite or two or three. And a robot that we sent to Mars. You can hold one of these in your hand, although it looks more like a Star Trek: TOS thing than a pretty futuristic CSI thing like the last one. So, I suppose that could work, but you'd have to at least know what city the cube was in, and then deploy people to scan metal briefcases... but how strong would that radiation have to be?


and oh yes I'm gonna answer that question, how could I not

Monday, January 6, 2014

I'm back!

So this blog is getting a bit of a course correction. We're going to go back to the original point: focusing on science that makes me want to cry. (Or, occasionally, science that someone gets right)

Movies and shows that I'd like to address in upcoming posts include World War Z, Breaking Bad, Agents of SHIELD, and I think I've even been working on something about Pacific Rim or Avengers.